【探秘嘉洋】我们如何培养学生的辩证性思维Critical Thinking？
Here are Joy International Primary School we believe in the 5C. But what are the 5C? How do we use the 5C in the classroom? What skills do the students build through the 5C? Who can use the 5c? Let’s take a look and dive into more information about the how, why, what, and who in this three-part article about the 5C. Part One will be looked at in April, where we will take a look at Critical Thinking. The second part will be available in May where Creativity and Collaboration will be discussed. The third and final part of the three-part series will be released in June where there final two 5C will be discussed: Communication and Confidence.
这里是嘉洋国际小学，我们相信5C。但是5C是什么？我们如何在教室里使用5C？学生通过5C培养什么技能？谁能使用5C？在这篇关于5C的三部分文章中，让我们看看并深入了解更多关于如何、为什么、什么和谁的信息。
Let’s first take a look at the 5C basics.
What are they exactly and what do they mean?
我们先来看看5C。它们到底是什么，是什么意思？
We look at everything from multiple angles and perspectives.
我们力图多角度地看待每一件事情
We approach problems systematically.
我们使用系统方法来处理问题
We avoid oversimplified answers to complex problems.
我们尽量避免简单粗暴地处理复杂问题
We approach problems with curious and fresh eyes.
我们用好奇而新鲜的眼光来分析问题、解决问题
We have the openness and courage to explore.
我们愿意以开放勇敢的心态来探索一切可能性
We don’t always take the old path to get to our goal.
我们不一定要“故技重施”来实现目标
We respect and appreciate people who are different from us.
我们尊重并欣赏与我们不同的人
We take responsibility for one another in our attitudes and actions.
我们为彼此之间的态度和行为负责
We follow rules which allow us to live in harmony with one another.
我们制定必要的规则来保证所有人和谐相处
We value honest, clear, and direct interaction.
我们提倡诚实、清晰和直接的沟通交流
We listen actively so that we can deeply understand others.
我们愿意倾听他人，以便深入理解对方
We use and pay attention to both verbal and non-verbal skills.
我们使用并留意言语和非言语的沟通技巧
We are secure in our beliefs and values, and act accordingly.
我们坚信我们的信念和价值观，并据此而行
We are not diminished by the fear of failure.
我们不害怕失败
We do not shy away from pain or difficulty.
我们不逃避痛苦和困难
This week, we are going to take a closer look at Critical Thinking.
本周，我们将仔细看看辩证性思维。
Students are taught from Grade One to Critical Think, even in the smallest of ways. In the Character Class students learned about Truthfulness vs. Deception as well as Initiative vs. Idleness and how it relates to Critical Thinking. Students learned that there are lots of human character values that every person should have. Truthfulness is one of them. We all need to be truthful. It is a very basic quality of our character. We should never lie and always have to become honest. But what does it have to do with Critical Thinking? Good critical thinkers can draw reasonable conclusions from a set of information, and discriminate between useful and less useful details to solve problems or make decisions. When one is truthful, it’s easy to understand the details that are useful to solve problems. However, when deception is used it makes solving problems that much harder!
在嘉洋国际学校，学生从一年级开始接受辩证性思维的教育，即使是以最小的方式。在品格课上，学生们学习了诚实与欺骗，主动与懒惰，以及它们与辩证性思维的关系。学生们学到了每个人都应该具备的许多人性价值观。诚实是其中之一。我们都需要诚实。这是我们品格中非常基本的品质。我们永远不应该说谎，永远要变得诚实。但是这和辩证性思维有什么关系呢？好的辩证性思考者能够从一组信息中得出合理的结论，并区分有用和不太有用的细节来解决问题或做出决策。当一个人诚实时，这就很容易去理解对解决问题有用的细节。然而，有人在说谎时，这会使解决问题变得更加困难！
Here’s an exercise in Critical Thinking taken from the website >>>www.thoughtco.com<<<. It’s a silly exercise that gets you Critical Thinking in a fun and silly way.
这里有一个批判性思维的练习，摘自网站。这是一个傻傻的练习，让你以有趣和傻里傻气的方式进行辩证性思维。
Critical Thinking Exercise 1:
Tour Guide for an Alien
This exercise provides an opportunity to think outside your normal way of thinking.Pretend that you have been assigned the task of conducting a tour for aliens who are visiting the earth and observing human life. You’re riding along in a blimp, viewing the landscape below, and you float over a professional baseball stadium. One of the aliens looks down and is very confused by what he sees. You explain that there is a game going on and he asks several important questions.
辨证性思维练习一
给外星人当导游
这个练习提供了一个机会让你以你正常思维方式之外方式去思考。假装你被分配了一项任务，为正在访问地球和观察人类生活的外星人导游。你坐在飞艇上，看着下面的风景，你漂浮在一个职业棒球体育场上。其中一个外星人低下头，对他看到的东西感到非常困惑。你解释说有一个游戏正在进行，他问了几个重要的问题。
If you try to answer these questions fully, it will quickly become apparent that we carry around certain assumptions and values. We support a certain team, for instance, because it makes us feel like we’re a part of a community. This sense of community is a value that matters to some people more than others.Furthermore, when trying to explain team sports to an alien, you have to explain the value we place on winning and losing.
如果你试图完整地回答这些问题，很快就会发现我们带着某些假设和价值观。例如，我们支持某个团队，因为这让我们觉得自己是团队的一部分。这种群体意识对一些人来说比其他人更重要。此外，当试图向外星人解释团队运动时，你必须解释我们对输赢的重视。
When you think like an alien tour guide, you are forced to take a deeper look at the things we do and things we value. Sometimes they don’t sound logical from the outside looking in.
当你像外星人导游一样思考时，你被迫更深入地审视我们做的事情和我们重视的事情。有时候从外表看，它们听起来不符合逻辑。
Students practice Critical Thinking daily, whether they know it or not! Many daily activities require Critical Thinking; it requires the students to come to their own decisions, their own solutions, and their own goals without the teacher or adult telling them.
学生们每天都练习辨证性思维，不管他们是否知道！许多日常活动需要辨证性思维；它要求学生在没有老师或成人告诉他们的情况下做出自己的决定、自己的解决方案和自己的目标。
In Grade One students worked on critical thinking while also collaborating in a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) Activity. Students were to use 100 items to create something new and inventive.
在一年级，学生们在进行辨证性思维的同时，还参加了科学、技术、工程、数学活动。学生们将使用100个项目来创造新的和创造性的东西。
In an English Elective Class, students worked together to think critically about matching magnetic letters to a hand written alphabet.
在英语选修课中，学生们一起辨证性地思考如何将磁性字母与手写字母相匹配。
In a March Math Olympic Activity, students used their critical thinking to sell their own items and products to their fellow classmates during a Market Fair.
在三月份的数学奥林匹克活动中，学生们利用他们的辨证性思维在集市上，向他们的同学出售他们自己的物品和产品。
There are many ways our students use Critical Thinking in and out of the classroom. It is an important skill for our students to master as they work on becoming leaders in an ever growing and changing world.
我们的学生在课堂内外使用辨证性思维的方式有很多。这是我们的学生在不断成长和变化的世界中努力成为领导者时需要掌握的一项重要技能。
供稿：国际小学部
文：Jessica
译：杨兰
图：Mary
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